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Obesity is a chronic condition that develops as a result of an interaction of genotype and the environment. Losing weight is essential in ameliorating a number of conditions, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Obesity is associated with many diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietary calories, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, though a limited number of cases are due solely to genetics, medical reasons, or psychiatric illness.

The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical exercise. If this fails, antiobesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, surgery is performed or an intragastric balloon is placed to reduce stomach volume and or bowel length, leading to earlier satiation and reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food. Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century.

Numerous compounds have been tested for appetite suppressant activity including extracts from the plant hoodia gordonii as well as non-ß-oxidation-metabolizable derivative of oleic acid designated 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA). Hoodia gordonii is a leafless spiny succulent cactus-like plant with medicinal uses. It grows naturally in South Africa, Angola and Namibia and it has been used by the native populations of Southern Africa to suppress appetite when making long hunting trips in the Kalahari Desert. It has also been found to possess the ability to lower blood glucose levels and thereby be an attractive candidate for treating/preventing diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. The active ingredient identified so far is a steroidal glycoside also called P57. P57 appears to be safe and it has no known side effects.
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